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Oil well control is the management of the dangerous effects caused by the unexpected release of formation fluid, such as natural gas and/or crude oil, upon surface equipment of oil or gas drilling rigs and escaping into the atmosphere. Technically, oil well control involves preventing the formation fluid, usually referred to as kick, from entering into the wellbore during drilling. Formation fluid can enter the wellbore if the pressure exerted by the column of drilling fluid is not great enough to overcome the pressure exerted by the fluids in the formation being drilled.〔Lyons, William C.; Plisga, Gary J. (2005). ''Standard Handbook of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering'' (2nd edition). Elsevier. Online version available at: ( Knovel=33 ), pp.4-371 (eBook version).〕〔Oil and Gas glossary, ("Kick" ), ''"Oil and Gas Field Technical Terms Glossary"''. Retrieved 8 April 2011.〕 Oil well control also includes monitoring a well for signs of impending influx of formation fluid into the wellbore during drilling and procedures, to stop the well from flowing when it happens by taking proper remedial actions.〔Schlumberger article, ("Well control" ), ''"Schlumberger OilField Glossary"''. Retrieved 9 April 2011.〕 Failure to manage and control these pressure effects can cause serious equipment damage and injury, or loss of life. Improperly managed well control situations can cause blowouts, which are uncontrolled and explosive expulsions of formation fluid from the well, potentially resulting in a fire.〔Oil and Gas glossary, ("Primary Well control" ), ''"Oil and Gas Field Technical Terms Glossary"''. Retrieved on 8 April 2011.〕 ==Importance of oil well control== Oil well control is one of the most important aspects of drilling operations. Improper handling of kicks in oil well control can result in blowouts with very grave consequences, including the loss of valuable resources. Even though the cost of a blowout (as a result of improper/no oil well control) can easily reach several millions of US dollars, the monetary loss is not as serious as the other damages that can occur: irreparable damage to the environment, waste of valuable resources, ruined equipment, and most importantly, the safety and lives of personnel on the drilling rig.〔Jerome Schubert, ("Managed-Pressure Drilling: Kick Detection and Well Control" Section: "Kick Detection While Drilling" ), Society of Petroleum Engineers, ''Journal of Petroleum Technology'' (JPT), archived 2010/01/15.〕〔Jerome Jacob Schubert, ("Well control" ), ''Texas A&M University MEng Report for well control'' (December 1995). Retrieved 2011-01-04, p.I-1/2.〕 In order to avert the consequences of blowout, the utmost attention must be given to oil well control. That is why oil well control procedures should be in place prior to the start of an abnormal situation noticed within the wellbore, and ideally when a new rig position is sited. In other words, this includes the time the new location is picked, all drilling, completion, workover, snubbing and any other drilling-related operations that should be executed with proper oil well control in mind.〔 This type of preparation involves widespread training of personnel, the development of strict operational guidelines and the design of drilling programs — maximizing the probability of successfully regaining hydrostatic control of a well after a significant influx of formation fluid has taken place.〔〔Karen Bybee, ("A Well-Specific Approach to the Quantification of Well Control" ), Society of Petroleum Engineers, ''Journal of Petroleum Technology'' (JPT), archived 2010/01/15, p.60.〕 dangers of oil drilling 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「oil well control」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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